Millennium Development
Goals (MDG)
The millennium
development goals particularly the eradication of extreme poverty, the hunger
cannot be achieved if questions of population and reproductive health are not
squarely addressed. And that means stronger efforts to promote women’s rights,
and greater investment in education and health including reproductive health
and family planning. The Millennium development goals have 8 goals 16 targets
and 48 indicators, which are given below:
Goal 1 :
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
Target 1 : Halve between 1990 and
2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Proportion of population below $1(PPP)
per day.
·
Poverty headcount ratio (% of population
below the national poverty line).
·
Poverty gap ratio.(incidence X depth of
poverty)
·
Share of poorest quintile in national
consumption.
·
Prevalence of underweight children
under-five year’s age.
·
Proportion of population below minimum level
of dietary energy consumption.
Target 2 : Halve, between 1990
and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.
Goal 2 :
Achieve universal primary education.
Target 3 : Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys
and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Net enrolment ratio in primary education.
·
Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who
reach grade 5.
·
Primary completion rate.
·
Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds.
Goal 3 : Promote gender equality and empower women.
Target 4 : Eliminate
gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and in
all levels of education no later than 2015.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Ratios of girls to boys in primary,
secondary and tertiary education.
·
Ratio of literate women to men 15-24
years old.
·
Share of women in wage employment in the
non-agricultural sector.
·
Proportion of seats held by women in
national parliament.
Goal 4 : Reduce child mortality.
Target 5 : Reduce
by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Under-five mortality rate.
·
Infant mortality rate.
·
Proportion of 1 year-old children
immunized against measles.
Goal 5 : Improve
maternal health.
Target 6 : Reduce
by three-quarters, between1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Maternal mortality ratio.
·
Proportion of births attended by skilled
health personnel.
Goal 6 : Combat
HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases,
Target 7 : Have
halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
HIV prevalence among 15-24 year old
pregnant women.
·
Condom use rate of the contraceptive
prevalence rate.
·
Condom use at last high-risk sex.
·
Percentage of population aged 15-24 with
comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS.
·
Contraceptive prevalence rate.
·
Ratio of school attendance of orphans to
school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14.
Target 8 : Have
halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major
diseases.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Prevalence and death rates associated
with malaria.
·
Proportion of population in malaria risk
areas using effective malaria prevention and treatment measures.
·
Prevalence and death rates associated
with tuberculosis.
·
Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected
and cured under directly observed treatment short course(DOTS)
Goal 7 : Ensure
environmental sustainability.
Target 9 : Integrate
the principle of sustainable development into country policies and programmers
and reverse the loss of environmental resources.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Proportion of land area covered by
forest.
·
Ratio of area protected to maintain
biological diversity to surface area.
·
Energy use (kg oil equivalent) per $1 GDP
(PPP).
·
Carbon dioxide emissions (per capita)and
consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs(ODP tones)
·
Proportion of population using solid
fuels.
Target 10 : Halve,
by2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking
water and basic sanitation.
Indicators for Monitoring
·
Proportion of population with sustainable
access to an improved water source, urban and rural.
·
Proportion of urban and rural population
with access to improved sanitation.
Target 11 : By
2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100
million slum dwellers.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Proportion of households with access to
secure tenure.
Goal 8 : Develop
a global partnership for development.
Target 12 : Develop
further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and
financial system.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Net ODA, total and to LDCs, as percentage
of OECD/DAC donors gross national income.
Target 13 : Address
the special needs of the least developed countries.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Proportion of bilateral ODA of OECD/DAC
donors that is untied.
Target 14 : Address the special
needs of landlocked countries and small island developing states.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Proportion of total developed country
imports from developing countries and LDCs, admitted free of duties.
Target 15 : Deal
comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national
and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Debt relief committed under HIPC
initiative, USS.
·
Debt service as a percentage of exports
of goods and services.
Target 16 : In
co-operation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for
decent and productive work for youth.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Unemployment rate of 15-24 year-olds,
each sex and total.
Target 17 : In
co-operation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable,
essential drugs in developing countries.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Proportion of population with access to
affordable, essential drugs on a sustainable basis.
Target 18 : In
co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new
technologies, especially information and communications.
Indicators for
Monitoring
·
Telephone lines and cellular subscribers
per 100 population.
·
Internet users per 100 populations.
References: Different books and journals
